Why a neutral-density filter?
Neutral-density filters can reduce the light passing through the lens by anywhere from 1 to 16 f-stops.
Thanks. Hadn't thought of that. How would you do the calculation if the metering isn't done through the lens?
Bracketing can be done by changing the f-stop in small increments for multiple shots, or by taking multiple shots at different exposure durations (in part for exposure, and in part to see how the waterfall appears smoothed over different times.
Today, with digital imaging, you can examine the result as soon as the exposure completes, before deciding whether to re-do it with slightly different parameters. In the film days, you might shoot most of a roll of one scene, with varying exposure duration and lens opening, because you wouldn't see the results until, at best, hours later in the day, and maybe days later.
The effect you get on a waterfall or a rapids, or the splashing of a babbling brook running over rocks looks like smooth melted glass.
Here's an example from the web, using a 13-second exposure:
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